中東的幾個(gè)國(guó)家正在大力投資可再生能源替代品，計(jì)劃到2030年前在全球低碳?xì)錃馐袌?chǎng)占25%的份額

到2024年前，中東地區(qū)的可再生能源產(chǎn)能預(yù)計(jì)將再次翻一番；到2030年結(jié)束前，太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電將占中東地區(qū)電力結(jié)構(gòu)的15%左右

沙特阿拉伯的目標(biāo)是成為世界上最便宜的綠色氫氣生產(chǎn)國(guó)，價(jià)格為每公斤1美元，私營(yíng)公司正在通過(guò)46個(gè)價(jià)值920億美元的可行項(xiàng)目尋求從中分一杯羹

中國(guó)石化新聞網(wǎng)訊 據(jù)油價(jià)網(wǎng)2023年3月16日?qǐng)?bào)道，為了應(yīng)對(duì)全球?qū)剂系膹?qiáng)勁需求，中東地區(qū)的許多國(guó)家仍在繼續(xù)將石油和天然氣列入議程，中東地區(qū)的一些國(guó)家也在大力投資可再生替代能源。對(duì)于沙特阿拉伯和阿聯(lián)酋等許多中東國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)，石油和天然氣繼續(xù)提供收入，以支撐強(qiáng)勁的經(jīng)濟(jì)，并為國(guó)家基金作出貢獻(xiàn)，以確保未來(lái)的財(cái)富。然而，中東地區(qū)各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都意識(shí)到，石油和天然氣不會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)是主要的經(jīng)濟(jì)驅(qū)動(dòng)力，許多國(guó)家目前正試圖實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)多元化，擴(kuò)大非石油部門(mén)。擁有豐富能源經(jīng)歷的中東地區(qū)被視為發(fā)展綠色能源業(yè)務(wù)的理想地點(diǎn)，從綠色氫能到風(fēng)能和太陽(yáng)能，它將確保中東地區(qū)未來(lái)的能源安全及其在未來(lái)國(guó)際能源舞臺(tái)上的地位。

與世界上許多其他國(guó)家一樣，中東地區(qū)的幾個(gè)國(guó)家先后宣布了雄心勃勃的脫碳計(jì)劃，以符合《巴黎協(xié)定》規(guī)定的目標(biāo)。根據(jù)2019年的評(píng)估，中東地區(qū)可再生能源市場(chǎng)預(yù)計(jì)在2019年至2028年之間將實(shí)現(xiàn)13.43%的復(fù)合年增長(zhǎng)率，在為響應(yīng)聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化峰會(huì)而加速幾個(gè)綠色能源項(xiàng)目之后，這一數(shù)字可能會(huì)更高。

盡管計(jì)劃提高石油和天然氣產(chǎn)量以滿(mǎn)足全球需求，但中東地區(qū)許多國(guó)家都有綠色替代能源的宏偉計(jì)劃。中東地區(qū)的可再生能源裝機(jī)容量在2010年至2020年間翻了一番，達(dá)到40吉瓦，到2024年還將再翻一番。隨著整個(gè)地區(qū)的高太陽(yáng)照射，中東地區(qū)將在未來(lái)幾年推出幾個(gè)太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電場(chǎng)。到2030年結(jié)束前，這種太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電預(yù)計(jì)將占中東地區(qū)電力結(jié)構(gòu)的15%左右。

中東地區(qū)也在尋求擊敗其主要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手——?dú)W洲和亞洲，以期主導(dǎo)全球綠色氫氣市場(chǎng)。2021年，阿聯(lián)酋宣布了幾個(gè)新項(xiàng)目。法國(guó)Engie公司和總部位于阿布扎比的可再生能源公司馬斯達(dá)爾表示，他們將向阿聯(lián)酋的綠色氫氣產(chǎn)業(yè)投資50億美元，目標(biāo)是到2030年前電解槽產(chǎn)能達(dá)到2吉瓦。迪拜推出了中東地區(qū)“首個(gè)工業(yè)規(guī)模”的綠色氫氣工廠(chǎng)。阿聯(lián)酋表示，計(jì)劃到2030年前在全球低碳?xì)錃馐袌?chǎng)中占25%的份額。與此同時(shí)，沙特阿拉伯宣布與沙特電力開(kāi)發(fā)商ACWA Power和阿曼石油和空氣產(chǎn)品公司達(dá)成一項(xiàng)70億美元的協(xié)議，在阿曼的塞拉萊免稅區(qū)生產(chǎn)綠色氫氣。阿曼還宣布，希望到2040年前建立以氫氣為中心的經(jīng)濟(jì)，擁有30吉瓦的綠色氫氣和藍(lán)色氫氣。

自2021年以來(lái)，中東地區(qū)的綠色氫氣市場(chǎng)大幅擴(kuò)大。由于在研發(fā)方面的重大投資，沙特阿拉伯已經(jīng)能夠降低綠色氫氣生產(chǎn)的成本，使綠色氫氣更具吸引力。沙特阿拉伯現(xiàn)在的目標(biāo)是實(shí)現(xiàn)每公斤綠色氫氣價(jià)格1美元，使其成為世界上最便宜的綠色氫氣生產(chǎn)國(guó)。一些私營(yíng)公司也在尋求分一杯羹，德國(guó)西門(mén)子公司在中東地區(qū)確定了46個(gè)可行的綠色氫氣項(xiàng)目，總價(jià)值為920億美元。阿聯(lián)酋和阿曼以及沙特阿拉伯都顯示出了巨大的投資潛力。

清潔能源計(jì)劃并沒(méi)有止步于綠色氫氣，因?yàn)榘⒙?lián)酋的目標(biāo)是到2050年前將可再生能源占其總能源結(jié)構(gòu)的比例提高到75%。在阿布扎比，Al Dhafra太陽(yáng)能項(xiàng)目預(yù)計(jì)將在COP28召開(kāi)之前投產(chǎn)。這個(gè)太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電場(chǎng)的發(fā)電能力為2吉瓦，可為16萬(wàn)戶(hù)家庭提供足夠的電力。阿聯(lián)酋國(guó)有能源公司塔卡和馬斯達(dá)爾擁有這個(gè)項(xiàng)目60%的股份，其余股份由法國(guó)電力可再生能源公司和亞洲某領(lǐng)先電力技術(shù)公司組成的國(guó)際財(cái)團(tuán)擁有。兩家公司希望通過(guò)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目創(chuàng)造4000個(gè)就業(yè)崗位。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目將得到其它大型太陽(yáng)能項(xiàng)目的支持，包括39億美元的950兆瓦的諾爾能源-1發(fā)電場(chǎng)和阿聯(lián)酋第一個(gè)風(fēng)力發(fā)電場(chǎng)——哈塔風(fēng)力發(fā)電項(xiàng)目，這兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目都在迪拜。

沙特阿拉伯還計(jì)劃到2030年前綠色能源占其能源結(jié)構(gòu)的50%。這個(gè)目標(biāo)將受到全國(guó)太陽(yáng)能項(xiàng)目加速發(fā)展的推動(dòng)，如利雅得的1500兆瓦Sudair太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電廠(chǎng)和瑪娜的Manah I和II太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電設(shè)施。對(duì)碳捕獲和儲(chǔ)存(CCS)技術(shù)的投資也將幫助沙特阿拉伯的石油和天然氣業(yè)務(wù)脫碳。也許最雄心勃勃的計(jì)劃是，沙特阿拉伯正在建設(shè)一個(gè)名為NEOM的未來(lái)超大城市。沙特阿拉伯王國(guó)計(jì)劃投資800億美元用于位于本國(guó)西北部的這個(gè)大型項(xiàng)目的開(kāi)發(fā)，以創(chuàng)建一個(gè)橫跨比利時(shí)大小規(guī)模的城市。其目標(biāo)是創(chuàng)造一個(gè)未來(lái)的空間，沒(méi)有汽車(chē)，沒(méi)有道路，也沒(méi)有溫室氣體排放，將由100%的可再生能源提供動(dòng)力，95%的土地被保護(hù)為大自然狀態(tài)。這座城市的建設(shè)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，盡管專(zhuān)家們對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能否實(shí)現(xiàn)表示懷疑。

中東地區(qū)將成為全球一個(gè)能源大區(qū)，這得益于其長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)對(duì)石油和天然氣行業(yè)的持續(xù)投入，以及對(duì)中東地區(qū)可再生能源未來(lái)的重大投資。沙特阿拉伯和阿聯(lián)酋很可能會(huì)走在中東地區(qū)綠色能源革命的前沿，兩國(guó)計(jì)劃大力發(fā)展綠色氫氣、太陽(yáng)能、風(fēng)能和其他創(chuàng)新綠色技術(shù)。

李峻 編譯自 油價(jià)網(wǎng)

原文如下：

The Middle East Is Looking To Dominate The Green Hydrogen Market

·     Several countries in the Middle East are investing heavily in renewable energy alternatives, with plans to achieve a 25 percent share of the global low-carbon hydrogen market by 2030.

·     The region's renewable energy capacity is expected to double again by 2024, with solar power set to account for around 15 percent of the region's power mix by the end of the decade.

·     Saudi Arabia aims to become the world's cheapest green hydrogen producer at $1 per kg and private companies are looking for a piece of the action with 46 viable projects worth $92 billion.

While many countries across the Middle East are continuing to pursue oil and gas agendas, responding to the strong global demand for fossil fuels, several countries across the region are also investing heavily in renewable alternatives. For many countries, such as Saudi Arabia and the UAE, oil and gas continue to provide the revenues to support a strong economy and contribute to their national funds to ensure their wealth for the future. However, leaders across the region are aware that oil and gas will not be the main economic drivers forever, and many are now attempting to diversify their economies and expand their non-oil sectors. With extensive experience in energy, the Middle East is seen as the perfect location to develop green energy operations, from green hydrogen to wind and solar power, ensuring the future of the region’s energy security as well as its position on the energy stage of the future. 

Like many other countries worldwide, several Middle Eastern states have announced ambitious decarbonisation plans in line with Paris Agreement targets. based on a 2019 assessment, the Middle Eastern renewable energy market is expected to achieve a CAGR of 13.43 percent between 2019 and 2028, a figure that will likely be much higher following the acceleration of several green energy projects in response to the COP climate summits. 

Despite plans to boost oil and gas production in line with global demand, many countries across the region have big plans for green alternatives. The Middle East’s renewable energy capacity doubled to 40GW between 2010 and 2020 and is set to double again by 2024. With high solar irradiation across the region, the Middle East will roll out several solar farms in the coming years. The energy source is expected to account for around 15 percent of the region’s power mix by the end of the decade. 

The Middle East is also looking to beat its main competitors – Europe and Asia, to dominate the green hydrogen market. In 2021, the UAE announced several new projects. France’s Engie and Abu Dhabi-based renewable energy business Masdar stated they would be investing $5 billion in the country’s green hydrogen industry, aiming for an electrolyser capacity of 2 gigawatts by 2030. And Dubai launched the region’s ‘first industrial scale’ green hydrogen plant. The UAE has stated it plans to achieve a 25 percent share of the global low-carbon hydrogen market by 2030. Meanwhile, Saudi Arabia announced a $7-billion agreement to produce green hydrogen in Oman’s Salalah free zone with ACWA Power and Omanoil and Air Products. Oman also announced it hoped to establish a hydrogen-centric economy by 2040, with 30GW of green and blue hydrogen. 

And since 2021, the region’s green hydrogen market has expanded significantly. Thanks to major investments in research and development, Saudi Arabia has been able to drive down the costs of green hydrogen production to make it more attractive. The state is now aiming to achieve $1 per kg to make it the cheapest green hydrogen producer in the world. And several private companies are looking for a piece of the action, with Siemens identifying 46 viable green hydrogen projects in the region with a combined value of $92 billion. Both the UAE and Oman were identified as showing major investment potential, as well as Saudi Arabia. 

And the clean energy plans don’t stop at green hydrogen, as the UAE aims to increase the contribution of renewable energy to its total energy mix to 75 percent by 2050. In Abu Dhabi, the Al Dhafra Solar Project is expected to come online ahead of COP28. The solar farm will have a 2GW capacity and provide enough electricity for 160,000 households. State-owned Emirati companies TAQA and Masdar own 60 percent of the project, with the remainder owned by a consortium of EDF Renewables and a leading power technology company in Asia. The companies hope to create 4,000 jobs through the project. This will be supported by other major solar projects including the $3.9-billion 950-MW Noor Energy 1 farm and the country’s first wind farm – the Hatta Wind Power Project, both in Dubai.

Saudi Arabia also aims to generate 50 percent of its energy from green sources by 2030. This will be driven by the acceleration of solar energy projects across the country, such as the 1,500-MW Sudair Solar Power Plant in Riyadh and the Manah I & II solar power facilities in Manah. Investment in carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies will also help Saudi Arabia decarbonise its oil and gas operations. And perhaps most ambitious of all, Saudi is aiming to construct a futuristic gigacity called NEOM. The Kingdom aims to spend $80 billion on the development of the megaproject in the northwest of the country, to create a city that will span the size of Belgium. The aim is to create a futuristic space with no cars, roads, or greenhouse gas emissions that will be powered by 100 percent renewable energy, with 95 percent of the land being preserved for nature. Construction on the city has already begun, although experts have doubts over whether the project is achievable. 

The Middle East is set to become an energy powerhouse thanks to the ongoing dedication to its long-established oil and gas industry as well as major investments in the future of the region’s renewables. Saudi Arabia and the UAE will likely be at the forefront of the region’s green energy revolution, with massive plans for green hydrogen, as well as solar and wind energy and other innovative green technologies.